python - How to properly define a middleware class in Django v1.11? -

i'm working on django (v1.11) project , need provide middleware functionality site. version of django modify old middleware_classes setting described in docs:

a new style of middleware introduced use new middleware setting.

however, i can't understand how new middleware works. after reading middleware's documentation come following conclusion:

class foomiddleware(object):     def __init__(self, get_response):         self.get_response = get_response      def __call__(self, request):         return self.get_response(request)      def process_template_response(self, request, response):         # here         return response 

i thought it'll work, unfortunately code above doesn't work , ignored django (without error!).

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when following:

class foomiddleware(object):         def process_template_response(self, request, response):         # here         return response 

...an error occured (because __init__ method of object class has no arguments):

typeerror: object() takes no parameters

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when change code follows everything works:

from django.utils.deprecation import middlewaremixin  class foomiddleware(middlewaremixin):     def process_response(self, request, response):         # here         return response 

but! middlewaremixin related deprecation utils , used compatibility purposes:

django provides django.utils.deprecation.middlewaremixin ease creating middleware classes compatible both middleware , old middleware_classes.

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question: how define middleware class in django v1.11?

defining process_template_response useful if response instance has render() method. if not, should move custom code __call__ method.

class foomiddleware(object):     def __init__(self, get_response):         self.get_response = get_response      def __call__(self, request):         response = self.get_response(request)         # here         return response 

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